Passive Voice (Rumus Dan Contohnya) Bahasa Inggris

edukasibahasainggris-PASSIVE VOICE (Kalimat Pasif). Ada kalimat aktif dan aklimat pasif, kalimat aktif contohnya: 

saya makan nasi, sedangkan kalimat pasif ya nasi dimakan oleh saya. Mudah bukan? Namun dalam bahasa Inggris sobat harus hafal rumusnya, hehe...karena tak semudah kalimat aktif dan pasif bahasa Indonesia.

Sebuah kalimat dapat berbentuk kalimat aktif yang subyeknya melakukan pekerjaan atau kalimat pasif yang subyeknya dikenai pekerjaan. Untuk membuat kalimat aktif menjadi kalimat pasif, perhatikan beberapa langkah berikut ini:

1. Letakkan obyek dari kalimat aktif di awal kalimat pasif. (Obyek kalimat aktif menjadi subyek kalimat pasif).

2. Jika dalam kalimat aktif tidak ada auxiliary (to be), maka tambahkanlah To Be yang sesuai dengan subyek dalam kalimat pasif tersebut, dan yang sesuai dengan bentuk Tense-nya. 

3. Letakkanlah kata kerja utama dari kalimat aktif sesudah auxiliary (To Be) dalam bentuk Past Participle.

4. Letakkanlah preposition By sesudah kata kerja utama dalam kalimat pasif sebelum subyek. (Dalam beberapa keadaan tertentu, By dapat dihilangkan karena dianggap sudah dimengerti maksudnya).

Pedoman Pemakaian BE dalam Kalimat Pasif

1. Present Tense -  (am, is, are)

2. Present Continuous Tense - (am, is, are being)

3. Present Perfect Tense - (has, have been)

4. Past Tense - (was, were)

5. Past Perfect Tense - (had been)

6. Past Continuous Tense -(was, were being)

7. Future Tense - (shall, will + be)

8. Future Perfect Tense -(shall/will + be)

9. Modal - (modal + be)

10. Modal + Perfect- (modal + have been)

Berikut ini uraian selengkapnya mengenai kalimat pasif

1. Present Tense

Contoh:

1. Aktif: Ahmad writes a letter 

Ahmad sebagai Subjek (s)                        Writes sebagai Predikat (kata kerja) dan a letter sebagai objeknya 

Pasif: A letter is written by Ahmad. 

A letter sebagai subjek, is writen sebagai Predikat dan by Ahmad sebagai objek 

2. Aktif: Ahmad menulis sepucuk surat.

Pasif: Sepucuk surat ditulis oleh Ahmad.

Aktif: Ali writes three letters. 

Pasif: Three letters are written by Ali.

2. Aktif: Ahmad doesn't write a letter.

Pasif : A letter isn't written by Ahmad. (Sepucuk surat tidak ditulis oleh Ahmad)

3. Aktif: Does Ahmad write a letter?

Pasif : Is a letter written by Ahmad.

2. Present Continuous Tense 

Contoh:

1. Aktif :Ahmad is writing a letter.

Pasif: A letter is being written by Ahmad.

 2. Aktif : Ahmad isn't writing a letter.

Pasif: a letter isn't being written by Ahmad.

3. Present Perfect Tense

Contoh:

1. Aktif: ahmad has written a letter.

Pasif: A letter has been written by Ahmad

2. Aktif: ahmad hasn't written a letter.

Pasif: A letter hasn't been written by Ahmad.

4. Past Tense

Contoh:

1. Aktif: Ahmad wrote a lette

Pasif: A letter was written by Ahma

2. Aktif: Ahmad didn't write a letter. 

Pasif : A letter wasn't written by Ahma

5. Past Continuous Tense

Contoh:

1. Aktif : Ahmad was writing a lette

Pasif:  Aletter was being written by Ahmad. 

2. Aktif : A letter wasn't being written by Ahma

Pasif: A letter Wasn't being writen by ahmad

6. Past Perfect Tense

Contoh:

1. Aktif: Ahmad had written a letter. 

Pasif: A letter had been written by Ahmad.

2. Aktif: Ahmad hadn't written a letter. 

Pasif: A letter hadn't been written by Ahmad.

7. Future Tense

Contoh:

1. Aktif: Ahmad will write a letter.

Pasif: A letter will be written by Ahmad. 

2. Aktif: Ahmad will not write a letter.

Pasif: Aletter will not be written by Ahmad. 

3. Aktif: Will Ahmad write a letter?

Pasif: Will a letter be written by Ahmad?

8. Future Perfect Tense

Contoh:

1. Aktif: Ahmad will have written a letter.

Pasif: A letter will have been written by Ahmad. 

3. Aktif: Will Ahmad written a letter?

Pasif: Will a letter have been written by Ahmad? 4. Aktif: Who will have written a letter?

9. Modal.

Rumusnya:

Subject + Modal + be + verb 3 (past participle)

Contoh:

1. We can solve this problem.

Pasif: This problem can be solved by us.

2. Aktif: we can't solve this problem.

Pasif: This problem can't be solved by us. 

3. Aktif: Can we solve this problem?

Pasif: Can this problem be solved by us?

10. Modal Perfect

Rumus:

Subject + Modal Perfect +benar verb III

Contoh:

A. 1. Aktif: Somebody should have waited for Amir this morning. 

Pasif: Amir should have been waited for this morning.

B. Aktif: he Could have written two books 

Passive : two books Could have been written by him

Catatan:

1. Bentuk pasif biasanya juga dapat digunakan untuk menyatakan/mengungkapkan perbuatan yang dilakukan tidak dengan sengaja, atau dalam bahasa Indonesia sepadan dengan arti ter dalam kalimat berikut ini: itu,

1. Saya terbangunkan oleh suara gaduh 

I was woken up by that noise.

2. Saya heran (terkejut) Melihat dia.

I was surprised to see him. 

3. Dia tertarik (berminat) dalam bahasa asing.

He was interested in foreign languages.

4. Kita terbiasa dengan musim dingin. 

He was accustomed to cold weather.

2. Kadang-kadang bentuk aktif (terutama invinitive) sering mempunyai arti atau dimaksudkan untuk menyatakan keadaan pasif. Contoh:

1. This book is easy to understand. (Buku ini mudah untuk dipahami)

2. He has a large family to support. (which he must support) (Dia mempunyai keluarga besar yang harus dibantu)

3. I have bought a new book to read. (Saya telah membeli sebuah buku baru untuk dibaca).

4. There are many problems to solve.

5. There are many difficulties to overcome.

3. Jika dalam kalimat aktif terdapat dua object, maka kedua-duanya dapat dijadikan subject dalam kalimat pasif.

Contoh:

1. Aktif: He gave me a book.

Pasif: l was given a book by him.

B. A book was given to me by him 

2. Aktif: she is bringing them a parcel 

A. They were being brought a parcel by her 

B. A parcel was  being brought to them by her